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Horsham (, locally )〔''Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition'' (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3〕 is a regional city located on the Wimmera River in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, and is approximately north-west of the state capital Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Horsham had a population of 14,125. It is the largest city by population in the Wimmera region, and it is the main administrative centre for, and the most populous city within, the Rural City of Horsham local government area. Horsham was named by original settler James Monckton Darlot after the town of Horsham in his native England. It grew throughout the latter 19th and early 20th century as a centre of Western Victoria's wheat and wool industry. Horsham was declared a city in 1949 and was named Australia's Tidiest Town in 2001. == History == The first inhabitants of the Horsham area were the Djura Balug indigenous Australian tribe who spoke the Jardwadjali language.〔http://horsham.vic.au/about-horsham/history〕 Major Thomas Mitchell was the first European to pass through the area, naming the Wimmera River on 18 July 1836. Squatter James Monckton Darlot was the first European settler, claiming 100,000 acres at Dooen on 10 August 1842.〔Peach, John. The Biggest Ever Gold-mining Swindle in the Colonies. pg 240〕 Charles Carter established his property "Brim Springs" nearby in 1845. The Post Office opened on 1 July 1848. An elaborate post office building and clock tower was erected in 1880. The main railway from Melbourne reached Horsham in 1879 and was later extended to Adelaide, South Australia, while a branch line west to Carpolac was started in 1887 and closed in 1988.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VR History )〕 The Horsham Borough Council and the Shire of Wimmera operated the McKenzie Creek Tramway from the town to a stone quarry, some to the south. The horse tramway opened in 1885 and ceased operating in 1927. Special picnic trains operated from time to time conveying residents in open wagons.〔''The McKenzie Creek Tramway'' Vanstan, K. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September 1974 pp202-207〕 Major flooding affected the settlement in both October 1894 and August 1909 with the Wimmera reaching 3.87m. Horsham was declared a town on 17 November 1932. Green lake, originally planned as an agricultural irrigation reservoir was constructed in 1933 with a capacity of 5350 ML. Horsham was declared a city on 25 May 1949. On 24 February 1951 a train collided with a bus at a level crossing near Horsham resulting in 11 deaths. A 1960s council by-law calling for the removal of verandahs from buildings had a significant effect on the streetscape, with notable verandahs demolished at The Royal〔http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/places/result_detail/68616〕 as well as The Exchange, The Bull and Mouth, and The White Hart. The Post Office was demolished in 1970 and replaced with a modern office block. The bell from the old post office was incorporated into a memorial. The Rural City of Horsham was formed through amalgamation of surrounding shires on 20 January 1995. The Black Saturday bushfires of 2009 affected Horsham, with area burnt around the city's fringe including the golf club and eight homes. The satellite town of Haven was worst affected. It was named Australia's Tidiest Town in 2001〔 and was also named Victoria's tidiest town and national finalist in 2009. Horsham experienced significant flooding in successive years in 2010 and 2011 Victorian floods. During these events, the Wimmera reached 3.32m and 4.71m respectively. The 2011 event was particularly severe with the Wimmera reaching a record peak level, over a thousand residents were evacuated as flood waters divided the city and damaged 600 houses pushing up to a metre of water into parts of the CBD. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Horsham, Victoria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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